Smallpox invading Vienna

In 1767, Maria Theresa also caught smallpox and so did Josephina of Bavaria, Maria Christina and Albert of Saehsen-Teschen as well as Archduchess Elisabeth. Maria Theresa, Maria Christina and Albert recovered. Elisabeth, although survived, her beautiful face was irreparably pockmarked. Maria Josepha, Joseph's second wife, died of smallpox.

When Maria Theresa had recovered, she was ready to prepare for the marriage of her daughter Josephina to the King of Naples. Unfortunately, she demanded that Maria Josephina visited the grave of her recently passed away sister in law, Maria Josepha. Upon Josephina's return, she caught the smallpox from the tomb and died a few days later. Josephina was only 16 when she died.

Immediately, the King of Spain asked Maria Theresa for another of her daughters for his son, the King of Naples. Maria Theresa let him choose between Amalia and Carolina. The King of Spain wanted the younger girl of the two and chose Carolina. Carolina was Marie Antoinette 's best friend. They were inseparable sisters. Naturally, Marie Antoinette was sad at the news. Carolina's departure for Naples, in April 1768, put an end to this close bond between Marie Antoinette and her favorite sister.